Improvement in machines for turning irregular forms



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSIAH EVELAND, OF ELIZABETH CITY, NEV JERSEY.

IMPROVEMENT lN MACHINES FOR TURNING lRREGULAR FORMS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 35,927, dated July 22, 1862.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Josine EVELAND, of Elizabeth Gity,in the county of Union and State of New Jersey, have invented a new and Improved Machine for Turning Irregular Forms; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making fa, part of this specification, in which Figurel is afront view of my invention; Fig. 2, a vertical transverse section of the same, taken in the line .r x, Fig. 1.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the two figures.

This invention relates to an improvement in what is generally known as Blanchards Lathe77 forturning irregular forms,and which consists of a rotary cutter placed in a swinging traveling frame acted upon by a pattern in such a manner that the cutter will act upon the stuff and cut it in a form corresponding with the pattern. This lathe of Blanchards has been found to answer remarkably well for turning irregular forms which have not very quick or abrupt curves; but it cannot produce the latter kind of work unless driven with a very slow speed, and even then the work will not be smooth, and it requires to be finished by hand. This result is due to the constant or unvarying traveling speed of the cutter-frame, which will, if having the right speed for the slightly-,curved portions of the work, be too rapid for the abrupt or quick curved surfaces, besides one cutter cannot be made to cut both the slightly-curved and quickly-curved surfaces properly. Gutters set at different angles are required to effect this.

The object of this invention is to obviate this difficulty; and to this end the invention consists in theemployment or use of two or more traveling cutter-frames having different traveling speeds, and so arranged in relation with the pattern and the work that the cutterof the` slowest frame will act upon the quick-curved surfaces of the work, while the cutter of the frame having the more rapid traveling movement will act upon the slightly-curved parts of the work.

The invention also consists in a novel arrangement of pulleys and belts for operating or transmitting motion to the working parts,

whereby all of the latter may, by the adjnstment of a single lever, be connected or discon nected at will from the driving or power shaft.

To enable those skilled in the art to make and use' my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

A represents a framing, which may be constructed in any proper way to support the working parts ofthe 1naehine,and .B is ashaft, which is placed longitudinally in the lower part of the framing and supports two cutter frames, G C, the shaft B passing loosely through the lower parts of said frames,so that the latter may slide freely on the former. In each frame C C there is fitted arotary cutter, D D, and these cutters are driven by belts a from pulleys E E on the shaft B, the pulleys being connected to the shaft by the common mechanical device consisting of a feather and groove,so that they may slide thereon and still turn with it. The pulleys E E are inclosed each by a frame, F, and these frames are fitted in the lower Vparts of the cutter-frames and between longitudinal guides b bin the lower part of the framing A,and serve to slide the pulleys E E, as well as the cutterAframes CC,along on the shaft B. This traveling movement ofthe pulley-frames F F and cutter-frames C C is produced by a screw-shaft, G, which is placed longitudinally in the framing A, and has two screw-threads, c cl, on it, one,c,having a much greater pitch or quicker th read than the other,

d, as shown clearly in Fig. l. Thejournals of the shaft G are fitted in pendent bars H H, which are attached by pivots e one to each end of the framing A. The lower ends ofthe bars H -`H are connected by a rod,I,and one ofsaid bars is extended upward considerably above its pivot e, in order to form a handle, J. The frames F F,which encompass the pulleys E E, have each av half-nut, K, itted in them, and these nuts,by:actnating the handle J and consequently moving the screw-shaft G,may be made to engage with the screw-threads c d of the lathe or be freed from them, as desired. XVhen said nuts are engaged with the screwthreads of the shaft G, the cutter-frames will be moved on the shaft B when the screw-shaft G is rotated.

On the framing A there is placed centrally and longitudinally an upright framing, L, in the upper partof which the patternM is tted between centers f f, and in the lower part of said framing,immediatelyrbelow the pattern M,the work or stuff M to be turned like the pattern is centered. The pattern and work are both rotated from a shaft, N, by means of gea-rs or friction-wheels g. (Shown more particularly in Fig. l.) The cutters D D are kept in contact with the work by means of springs O, the lower ends of which are attached to the frames F F.

To the frames F F upright bars P l? are attached, which have springs Q bearing against them. These bars P have projecting pads L attached, which press against the pattern and Work directly opposite the cutters, and serve as bearings for the pattern and work.

The shaft N is driven by a belt, i, from the Screw-shaft G, and the latter is driven by a belt, j, from a loose pulley, k, on a shaft, l, the pulley 7c having` a pulley, m, attached to it, which is driven by a belt, o1., from the shaft B, which is the power or driving shaft of the machine.

The operation is as follows: The. shaft B is driven by any convenient power, and the shaft G thrown in gear with the nuts K of the frames F F. The pattern M, which is in this case an air-handle, has an arm, ax, of the cutterframe C bearing against it at its slightlycurved part, and this frame has its traveling movement given it by the quick screw-thread' c. The other cutter-frame has its arm cxx bearing against the abrupt or quick-curved part of the pattern, as shown in Fig. 1. The

cutter D cuts the slightly-curved part of thel and as a separate cutter is employed for them( the knives may be adjusted at any angle suitable for the'curves.

The operation of the machine, so far as the action of the cutter-frames and the operation of their cutters on the work are concerned, is precisely the same as that of Blanchards, and therefore does not require in this place a minute or further description.

When it is desired to stop the machine, the

operator throws the screw-shaft G out of gear with the nuts K of the frames F,F,.and thereby not only stops the traveling movement of the frames C C, but also stops, by the slackening or'loosening of the driving-belts, previously described, the rotation of the pattern M and work M. The cutter-frames C C are thrown backward, so that their cutters D D will be free from the work M', by turning a crankshaft, A', in the framing. I do not claim the turning of irregular forms by means of a pattern and traveling cutterframes, for they form an old and well-known device; but,

Having thus described my invention, what I do claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination, in the machine specified, of two or more cutter-frames so arranged as to operate with different rates of speed in their traveling movement, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

2. The arrangement of the beltst' j n and loose pulleys 7c m with the shaft B and screwshaft G, substantially as shown, for the purpose of readily communicating motion to the pattern and work, and stopping the same simultaneously with the throwing of the screwshaft G in and outof gear with the nuts of the pulley frames F of Vthe cutter-frames C C.

.TOSIAH EVELAND.

VitneSseS: Y

R. GAWLEY, .JAMES LAIRD. 

